Apart of great discipline and esprit de corps, in WW II, the Germans had a ‘secret’ weapon from the very beginning of the war, namely their Auftragstaktik philosophy, as the base doctrine explained in the Wehrmacht manuals as a blended strategic coherence and decentralized decision making with a simple principle: Commanders were to tell subordinates what their goal is, but not how to achieve it . It has been loosely translated as “mission command”. Clarifying it further, it essentially means that from the lowest soldier to the highest officer it is expected they will act improvising, according to the situation in the war theater. This is not the way most people think of the German army.
The Auftragstaktik doctrine is the reason for a great number of the Wehrmacht’s spectacular victories, not only when they were winning but also when they were retreating.
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