It isn't even past." So goes the famous William Faulkner quote. It goes something like this: There was once the Roman Empire, technologically advanced and sophisticated; after the Roman Empire fell, Europe fell into a millennium of darkness, poverty, and religious superstition; then came the Renaissance, when the West recovered the glories of Greco-Roman thought and science, and the wheel of progress started turning again, leading to the "Enlightenment" when philosophers threw off the fetters of irrational religion to advocate for free inquiry, human rights, and so on. Historians typically pick 475 AD, the formal end of the Western Roman Empire, as the start date for the "Middle Ages," while acknowledging that it is an arbitrary pick, since the disintegration of the Roman Empire happened gradually over centuries. ...
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