What Are Institutions?
Geoffrey M. Hodgson
The use of the term institution has become widespread in the social sciences in recent
years, reflecting the growth in institutional economics and the use of the institution concept
in several other disciplines, including philosophy, sociology, politics, and geography.
The term has a long history of usage in the social sciences, dating back at least to
Giambattista Vico in his Scienza Nuova of 1725. However, even today, there is no unanimity
in the definition of this concept.
Furthermore, endless disputes over the definitions of key terms such as institution
and organization have led some writers to give up matters of definition and to propose
getting down somehow to practical matters instead. But it is not possible to carry out any
empirical or theoretical analysis of how institutions or organizations work without having
some adequate conception of what an institution or an organization is.
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